Tuesday, 1 August 2023

ProjectSeleukid - the first 28mm units, phalangites and Galatians

While my work on Project Seleukid has, for the most part, been pretty theoretical to date, Andrew has been forging away at his usual pace and has already brought two units together, both Victrix kits. The first of these is one of the three phalanxes that we will need for our Magnesia order of battle. The following text has been lazily lifted from something I wrote back in 2014 when I was building my 6mm phalanx units. However, the points raised still stand, so worth repeating.


The centre of any Hellenistic monarch's battle line was generally composed of 'Macedonians'. That is to say, those fighting in the Macedonian fashion, equipped with small round pelte (shields) and wielding long pikes in both hands, fighting in a massed phalanx between 16 and 32 ranks deep.

For the Seleukids, you probably shouldn't let the pseudo-ethnic Macedonian title lead you astray. There is every reason to believe that a high proportion of men serving in the ranks of a third century Seleukid phalanx were, genetically speaking, very far from being Macedonians. We can assume that there was a core of Greco-Macedonian colonists (or rather their decendants) which was almost certainly supplemented by non-Greeks who had received a Greek education and training.


Alexander the Great had provided Macedonian training and Greek education to 30,000 epigonoi, non-Greek youths who were to form the basis of his future phalanx and Eumenes and Antigonos Monophthalmos are both recorded as having employed pantodapoi, phalangites of mixed origins during the late fourth century BC. There is no compelling reason why the Seleukids would not have found it expedient to do the same thing.

While indigenous contingents from all around the periphery of the empire are found in the Seleukid army, there is never a mention of native Syrians or Mesopotamians from the geographic centre. I'd wager that the proposition often put forward - that the Seleukids did not want to arm their oppressed indigenous serfs - is a pile of tripe. I accept that they may not have wanted the native Syrians to raise 'independent' units with a national identity (such as the Kyrtian slingers, Elymaiote archers or Kilikian and Lydian javelineers for example), but that is not to say that they would not employ the man power available in a way that created an effective core of heavy infantry while at the same time spreading all the joys of the government message about loyalty to the king.


Writing of Antiochos VI of Kommagede in the first centruy AD, Josephus states: "At this time Antiochos Epiphanes arrived with a large force of heavy infantry and a bodyguard of so-called Macedonians, all just out of their teens, tall and trained and equipped in the Macedonian manner - hence the title, though few of them bore much resemblance to that martial race!" It is clear that here a unit of non-Macedonians was trained to fight in the Macedonian manner and I suspect the same to be true about earlier Seleukid armies.

Regardless, there seems to have been two basic bodies of phalangites: the agyrispides (silver shields), and the katoikoi (colonists). The prevailing theory is that the best young men of any village, colony or city would head off to Apameia, the military headquarters in Syria, and be trained up as agyraspides - an elite body of pikemen and the core of the professional army. After their period of service was up, they would be replaced by other youths and head back home to form a trained reserve. Any army called up for a campaign would then have the active argyraspides who were permanently in arms, supported by reservist katoikoi, mobilised only for specific campaigns.

Andrew's second unit are an unruley bunch of nudie Galatians - more than are required for Magnesia, but that just allows other options for the future. By the 220s BC the Galatians had been in Anatolia for a couple of generations. There aren't too many records around their equipment around 190 BC other than the fact the Kappadokian contingent were equipped in a similar way - whatever that means. On the balance of probability I suspect they probably didn't dash into battle naked by then (think of the sunburn!), although Angus McBride famously depicted them like that in a depiction of the Ptolemaic army...



Thursday, 27 July 2023

Introducing ProjectSeleukid


When Andrew came to me and suggested a joint project building a 28mm Seleukid army, I admit I was seriously tempted. Then he went on to say that he'd like to do it properly. How could I say no to that!? Now I suspect that he might regret the proposition, because he's unleased the monster I like to keep inside me!

I have done Seleukid armies in the past - first in 15mm for DBA (sadly that army was among the fallen after the big move), and then to a massive extent in 6mm. This will be my first foray into 28mm for the period. In my other life, both my honour thesis and PhD focused on the Seleukids, and I have worked on Hellenistic sites in the Middle East and Central Asia. Oh my, oh my, but this will be a project to get my teeth into!


Thirteen years ago now I posted a few passages I was working on for my PhD on this blog looking at the ethnic break down of the Seleukid army. The gist of it still stands up to scrutiny and remains a useful resource. The summary strongly indicates that the phalanx element of Seleukid armies, always at their centre, was not a large part of the army. In reality a Seleukid army was diverse and polyglot. There are various other earlier posts - mostly from the 6mm army building process - that I will come back to as well for their exploration of different troops types.

The starting principles of ProjectSeleukid
  • 28mm armies, multibased on 60x60mm bases - this will enable use across different rule sets, specifically Hail Caesar, L'Art de la Guerre, and Fantastic Battles.
  • Working from a fixed point of reference - of the three orders of battle recorded for the Seleukids, Andrew chose Magnesia (190 BC) as the army to build.
  • Rationalising units - playing with a ration of between 1:200 and 1:250, we can break down the Seleukid army into gaming units with relative ease (and only a little fudging).
  • Research - where possible, lets go back to the ancient sources to find out how different units may have looked and functioned.
The army list

Having decided on Magnesia, we then set about working out the army and how to allocate units to both Andrew and I, hoping that neither of us would be landed with anything more onerous than the other.


By splitting the amy into a centre (shared) and two wings (taking one each), we end up with a fairly even distribution which allows us each to field all the minimum bases required for an ADLG. With Andrew taking the right (the most honourable flank, commanded by Antiochos the Great himself) and the better part of the centre, he ends up with c.38 mounted models, two elephants and 114 infantry, plus commanders. Taking the remainder of the centre and the left flank commanded by the future Seleukos IV, I will be assigned 36 mounted, 1 elephant, both scythed chariots and somewhere between 113 and 131 infantry - depending on how I end up running the Arab contingent.


Of course Magnesia is only the starting point and we hope to be able to develop this into a larger army still if the momentum continues - aiming at a fully fledged 2nd century BC Seleukid civil war.

So with that in mind, keep an eye out for sporadic future posts as Andrew and I get our toys painted!

Wednesday, 26 July 2023

ProjectWürttemberg - 1st and 2nd Battalions Württemberg Jäger

With the completion of two small jäger battalions, and almost a year after starting, I have finally completed the Württemberg Light Infantry (3rd) Brigade, part of the 25th Division in Marshal Ney's III Corps from the 1812 campaign. The brigade has built as part of an ambitious group project themed around the battle of Borodino.

During the 1812 campaign the Württembergers were very active participants - that was enough to justify my decision to field the 1st and 2nd jäger battalions as small units according to the Black Powder rules.


I was torn as to whether I should break my heart doing the white piping around the collar, cuffs and tails etc as I have done with the light infantry battalions. The piping is shown on the Knötel plate above and generally paited on other minis I've seen online. However, on the photo below (showing an 1814 jäger uniform appropriated from Miniatures.de), the piping is so very narrow that it shouldn't really be visible on a 28mm miniature. That's my excuse anyway!



The 1st "König" Battalion with their gold buttons in line formation (above) and light infantry mixed formation (below). 
 


The 2nd Battalion with their silver buttons in line formation (above) and skirmish formation (below). 


This now completes the brigade and gives me a more-than-viable little force for when the group games kick off. The brigade in their box are shown below, followed by the BP unit rosters.  

Sunday, 23 July 2023

Fantastic Battles - Wood Elves vs Undead (2000 points)


This week saw another 2000-point battle of Fantastic Battles. This time, it was wood elves (Roger) against a joint host of undead (Neil) and Night Stalkers (me). Despite better lighting than I’ve had of late, I was too preoccupied (spoiler alert) to take enough photos for a detailed write-up!


Roger’s elvish array included a vast number of characters but only a couple of units of archers and rangers, relying mainly on pointy-stabby units like war dancers, spearmen and stag-knights. My Night Stalkers deployed with a narrow, advanced line and a fast-moving reserve of vampire knights, bats and succubi. To my right, Neil’s undead were likewise in two lines, but somewhat less fast. Given how small my force was, and how many expendable units he was running, our combined break point was only 14!


The undead had terrain to negotiate before engaging with the enemy. The unit of banshees and the dragon on the right of this picture had no problem getting through the woods, but would continually suffer from blink spells throughout the battle.


The impulsive ghouls started the game with disease (I guess that’s what happens when you live off decayed flesh…) and while waiting to be rallies were set upon by whooping loony war dancers. Although they held their ground for two turns, when they scattered, they sent a butterfly effect-like ripple of resolve loss through the Night Stalker lines.


Isolated in the front lines, the werewolves shied away from charging the elvish spear line, only to be shot to pieces in a maelstrom of elvish bow fire. Nine shooting  attack dice rolled, and nine resolve lost! With nothing left to lose, they hurled themselves to their deaths on the elvish spears. The Death Coach found that dragons are not too bothered by the terrifying trait, while in the background the undead ground away at their own foes – giant bears and stag knights and eagles and the like.


The fight on the left flank swirled back and forth. The vampire knights held their own, but first the succubi and then the Death Coach and giant bats were overwhelmed.


And with those losses, the Night Stalkers and undead army was overwhelmed. I think Neil’s undead only lost a single non-expendable company – the undead dragon – meaning it was very much my responsibility for the collapse of the allied army. Sorry Neil… Still, great to get the armies on the table and have a laugh!